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Recent ENCODE data reveal that the average number of enhancers interacting with a TSS was 3.9, and the average number of TSSs interacting with a distal element was 2.5 in human cells [ 66].
For each gene with a TSS identified, the 35 bp DNA sequence upstream of the TSS was extracted.
With a TSS concentration of 1.6 gTSS l−1, this increase in the ISS concentration would make a difference of 0.08 mg mg−1 in the ISS/TSS ratio, which approximately corresponds to the increase in the ISS/TSS ratio shown in Fig. 1.
TPs with a TSS distance larger than 500 bp were considered to be transcribed from different APs, and conversely TPs with a TSS distance smaller than 500 bp were considered to be transcribed from the same AP.
Two transcripts with a TSS distance interval larger than 500 bp were considered to be transcribed from different APs.
Among these 4393 genes, 3699 overlapped with a TSS.
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The conservation score was calculated as: n/min x, y) where n is the number of conserved genes with an NMI at the TSS of both orthologues and x and y are the numbers of conserved genes with a TSS-associated NMI in each species.
Categories marked with an asterisk are significantly enriched also among genes associated with peaks within 10 kb of a TSS, with two asterisks —among genes with peaks within 100 kb (Supplementary File 5 ).
In other words, the predicted TSSs without a match with a known TSS in RegulonDB are likely to be novel alternative TSSs used in different conditions.
When we compared the 1,135 TR4 targets present within 1 kb of a TSS with 1,715 ELK4 targets found within 1 kb of a TSS, a significant overlap of 30% was observed.
We performed bisulfite sequencing of 1 E11Hypo-T-DMR (andn1) and 3 E14Hypo-T-DMRs (Lig4, Nfia, and Olig2) that were located at various relative positions from the TSSs, including one associated with an alternative TSS and those facing their TSS in proximal regions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com