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The results demonstrate that this population has a significantly lower quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) of the calcaneus compared with a referent population of age-matched control subjects without mental disabilities.
We hypothesized that women who are obese before they become pregnant and also have elevations of complement Bb and C3a in the top quartile in early pregnancy would have the highest risk of preeclampsia compared with a referent group of women who were not obese and had levels of complement less than the top quartile.
According to the case-referent study conducted by Newton et al in Uganda, with a referent group of cancers not related to an infectious etiology, being HIV-infected was only associated with a slight risk of HCC (OR 1.2 95%% CI 0.3 4.2)) [23].
Clinically relevant 25(OH D cutpoints were compared with a referent category of 50 <75 nmol/L.
The PHQ and the FFQ were administered at baseline only, with a referent period of '2 years before diagnosis' to capture pre-diagnosis information.
Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated to indicate the probability of past DENV infection for each group as compared with a referent.
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The types of disorders were compared with those from a referent group with neck pain, but with no exposure to WBV.
To evaluate retrospectively indications of moxifloxacin prescriptions in inpatients with tuberculosis in a referent teaching hospital.
Further analyses based on risk of multiple or advanced adenomas were not performed due to a low number of events in the treatment group.> -wrap-foot> ratiosatindicatecathetheffectct of DFMO + sulindac compared with placebo (as a referent value) on recurrent colorectal adenomas * Relative risk estimation by log-binomial regression.
For example, even though a number of studies have shown that tCr levels can change with age or disease (eg, (72, 84)), tCr is still frequently used as a referent with the assumption that its concentration is stable.
One would have to admit, however, that sentences with names that lack a referent may well have a truth-value and as such deviate from Frege.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com