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Each ultrasound pattern is related to a level of aeration as follows: normal with A lines indicate a well-aerated lung; B lines indicate alveolar-interstitial syndrome and increased extravascular lung water; and lung consolidation indicates total loss of aeration.
In hydropneumothorax, the pleural effusion is demonstrated by the visualization of space, usually anechoic, between the two pleural layers while pneumothorax gives the well-known A pattern, i.e. the reverberation of the chest wall image below the pleural line with A lines, absence of sliding or pulse and absence of B lines (Additional file 3).
This represents an approach consistent with a "lines argument synthesis", defined as "building up a picture of the whole" and represents what Pantoja described as a realist synthesis with narrative review, however, the term synthesis here refers to the combination of results, rather than any second or third order interpretation of them.
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The A-profile associates anterior lung-sliding with A-lines.
Left: same pattern as in Figure 2, i.e., pleural line with A-lines, indicating gas below the pleural line.
The combination of abolished lung sliding with A-lines, at the anterior chest wall, is the A'-profile of the BLUE-protocol (as opposed to the A-profile, where lung sliding is present, ruling out pneumothorax).
There was lung sliding with A-lines and a normal B-line pattern on the right and left anterior chest walls, confirming the absence of pneumothorax on the chest roentgenogram and ruling out the pulmonary congestion suggested by the chest roentgenogram, respectively.
Two important profiles are detected, as follows: the A-profile (Fig. 1) associates anterior lung sliding with A-lines, and the B-profile (Fig. 2) is defined by the presence of three or more B-lines in a longitudinal plane between two ribs per scan area, diffuse B-lines in more than one scan per side, and the presence of B-lines in both sides, associates anterior lung sliding [4].
Two important profiles are detected, as follows: the A-profile (Fig. 1) associates anterior lung sliding with A-lines, and the B-profile (Fig. 2) is defined by the presence of three or more B-lines in a longitudinal plane between two ribs per scan area, diffuse B-lines in more than one scan per side, and the presence of B-lines in both sides, associates anterior lung sliding [ 4].
"Her way with a line is homicidal.
It showed a camera with a line through it.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com