The routing is defined by a discrete probability distribution with a given probability for each destination.
Simple methods of estimating the gust loadings that will be exceeded with a given probability are presented in terms of missile response parameters and turbulence parameters.
These methods are based on first identifying extreme environmental conditions with a given probability of exceedance based on the relevant joint distribution function.
The design is performed in a probabilistic framework where the uncertain parameters are treated as random variables and the design specification is met with a given probability level.
The model attempts to optimize inventory levels for emergency supplies as well as vehicles' availability, in order to deliver enough supplies to satisfy demands with a given probability.
The paper proposes practical procedures for the selection of SPD systems able to protect, with a given probability, electronic and electrical equipment within a structure against lightning surges.
At each time step, an individual reproduces with a given probability, and a target spot for the offspring is chosen randomly from a neighborhood of K cells, defined by a "reproduction radius" (supplementary materials).
The first protocol randomly selects virtual backbone nodes with a given probability pk, where pk depends on the value of k and network condition, such as network size and node density.
These results are also presented in a unique graphical form showing the statistical distribution to highlight the impact of control for a suite of ground motions with a given probability of occurrence.
The method is illustrated for the case of a physical channel which can either function as an error-free delay (virtual) channel or as a delay-free erasure (virtual) channel with a given probability of error.
To reflect the uncertainty that surrounds pollen dispersal mechanisms the model contains a stochastic contamination function and safety rule decision mechanism, constraining the level of contamination to remain below a tolerated adventitious presence with a given probability.
