Typically shocks are characterized as instantaneous, and isolated non-interacting events with the system dynamics corresponding to a fixed potential well.
For the electrochemically oxidised electrode, the cathodic photocurrent transient at a fixed potential changed reproducibly with changing solution pH, owing to the participation of the oxygen-containing surface groups in acid base equilibrium with the solution.
This is usually driven by applying a fixed current, instead the novel approach presented here uses a fixed potential.
A more accurate structure of the flux J is found by solving an equivalent electrostatic problem, wherein the concentration ϕ sat, respectively the saturated pressure P sat is an electrostatic potential and the meniscus, with its fixed potential, is a conductor with a neck shape.
When cycled in a half-cell with the fixed potential range the Si/C-based anode showed high and stable reversible capacity of about 600 mAh g−1 and low irreversible capacity, below 100 mAh g−1.
The 2D aerodynamic interaction of a cylinder with a fixed uniform surface potential of −50 V in mesothermal O+ and H+ plasmas representative of ionospheric conditions is investigated.
A prototype ready-to-fenestrate stent graft (RFSG) was designed with a fixed scallop, and eight potential fenestrations allowing for variation in the position of each renal artery (RA) relative to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA).
On a per-hectare basis (of particular relevance to a farmer with a fixed land area), the potential revenue is relatively constant through most of the sampling period but falls off at the last harvest date.
In Figure 3, we plot the transmission as a function of energy with different impurity density at fixed potential range d = a (SRI case) and W = 0.5 t.
In practice, a specified amount of primary ions (A) is added to a reference solution (primary ion with a fixed activity), and the membrane potential is measured.
