Externally triggered video data were acquired at 29 Hz with a camera (Basler, Ahrensburg, Germany; A622f) and stored on a PC (Dell, Round Rock, TX; T7500) with StreamPix software (Norpix, Montreal, Canada; StreamPix 5).
Videography was with a 0.36× telecentric lens and a Basler 504k camera under 940 nm LED illumination (Roithner Laser).
After the final washes in PBS, the slides were mounted with Mowiol.All images were digitally captured using fluorescence microscopy with a Nikon E800 fluorescence microscope (Nikon Instruments Europe, Badhoevedorp, the Netherlands) coupled to a Basler A113 C progressive scan colour charge coupled device (CCD) camera with a Bayer colour filter.
A total of 450 pairs of images have been captured using a Nikon Eclipse microscope (Nikon Co., Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan) and a Basler A312f camera (Basler Electric Company, Highland, IL, USA) of progressive scan obtaining 351 dead and 450 alive spermatozoa head images.
Worms were imaged using a Leica MZ16APO stereomicroscope and a Basler firewire CMOS camera (A602fm, Basler, Ahrensburg, Germany).
Five random high-power fields (× 100 optical magnification) were captured from each of the three tumour areas using a Basler A113™ Matrix-camera (Basler Vision Technology, UK) connected to a computer running Lucia G™ software (Version 4.6 Nikon).
A spectrometer consisting of a collimating lens (f = 50 mm, OZ Optics, Ottawa, Canada), a 1,800 line/mm transmission grating (Wasatch Photonics, Logan, UT) and an achromatic imaging lens (f = 240 mm, Schneider, NY) with a CMOS camera (Basler sprint spL4096-140k; BAGler AGermanyany) were used to detect the reference and sample lights.
The diffusely reflected light from the tissue was detected with a CMOS camera (Basler A 504k, 1280 × 1024 pixels) through a zoom lens, which provided an adjustable magnification.
As shown in Figure 1, a standard fluorescence inverted microscope (Olympus IX71; Olympus Microscopes; Markham, ON, Canada) is fitted with a CMOS camera (601f; Basler; Ahrensburg, Germany), and an X-Y motorized stage (ProScan™, Prior Scientific Inc., Rockland, MA, USA).
