In our meta-analysis, two guide wire perforations were recorded in the EST group [ 14]; one main bile duct perforation was recorded in the EST group [ 15].
OCT is very sensitive to detect subclinical dissections and microdissections, as well as other forms of vascular injury, like wire perforations, that usually remain unnoticed by angiography or IVUS.
As mentioned, such as in angular stable plates, only in cases of k-wire perforation or due to the wish of the patient should the Humerusblock be removed.
In the studies by Brunner et al. [ 13] and Bogner et al. [ 8], secondary impaction of the head leads to k-wire perforation in 22 % and 10%% of patients, respectively.
The potential for wires to catch synovial reflections at the tibial plateau should caution against very proximal wire placement; perforation of the synovium should be suspected if any wire site persistently drains serous fluid, and arrangements should be made to relocate the wire.
And the water injection well use the casing perforation, wire wrapped screen and high quality screen.
In addition to the R-on-T pacing, major complications of epicardial wires include infection, myocardial damage, perforation, tamponade, and disruption of coronary anastomoses [4].
In 9.8% of cases, complications such as superficial skin infections, perforation of the Kirschner wires and bone dystrophy healed with conservative therapy or after removal of the Kirschner wires.
Several authors have reported rare, but severe, complications associated with the length of the intravascular guidewire during central venous catheter placement, as the wire tip can cause cardiac arrhythmia or perforation or become trapped within the vessel.
