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The regular steel rebars in concrete for both alternatives were modeled as 3D wire elements with truss sections (capable of developing only axial stresses) with a cross-sectional area equal to the rebar area.
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This makes wire elements unique for various sensing applications.
Thin film gold/nickel (Au/Ni) micro hot bridge-wire ignition elements with different bridge shapes have been proposed in this paper.
The temperature of the hot bridge-wire ignition elements with different lengths, widths, substrates and shapes as a function of the time has been obtained and discussed.
They were simulated and optimized using commercial COMSOL software and a finite element (FE) model of the hot bridge-wire ignition elements with different lengths, widths and shapes was set up.
The test results show that the hot bridge-wire ignition element with zigzag shape can be fused the most easily at the same supplied voltage.
Therefore, this section can be considered in parallel (redundant elements) with the wire mesh performance.
Compared to the two dimensional model of steel wire ropes, the proposed model regards steel wire ropes as a multi-body system consisting of identical cylindrical elements with 6 degrees of freedom connected by space constraints.
It has all elements with negative values so with any positive wire tension ({varvec{{T}}}_{text {0}}), the resultant moment will be produced only negative value.
These pool boiling experiments were carried out under atmospheric pressure using a 0.49 mm diameter cylindrical Ni Cr wire as a heating element with ZnO, SiO2, SiC, Al2O3, graphene oxide and CuO nanoparticles at 0.01% volume concentration.
This work proposes a novel hemispherical element with a wire-less anode ball as a solution to these issues.
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