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Annual cycles like El Niño/Southern Oscillation, solar variability and global ocean currents cannot account for recent winter cooling.
That is because brighter high latitudes would reflect more sunlight in winter, cooling the local environment by as much as 6°C.
Volcanic winter, cooling at Earth's surface resulting from the deposition of massive amounts of volcanic ash and sulfur aerosols in the stratosphere.
While the globe warms overall — melting ice and snow in both poles — a few areas buck that trend with winter cooling.
Cohen, J., Furtado, J., Barlow, M., Alexeev, V. & Cherry, J. Arctic warming, increasing fall snow cover and widespread boreal winter cooling.
One example of this is the decidedly chilly city of Oslo in Norway, which discovered that along with heating in the winter, cooling buildings in summer was a significant source of emissions.
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Mohammat, A. et al. Drought and spring cooling induced recent decrease in vegetation growth in InnerAsia.
Water is there too, in every imagined summer – cooling, rejuvenating, the capturer of light.
The pre-8.2 ka cooling has been found in many summer temperature proxies18, consistent with volcanically induced summer cooling.
Single-family houses and stand-alone commercial structures can also leak winter heating and summer cooling through multiple exterior walls.
In 2003, cooling towers were reported to be a potential source of slow-growing mycobacterial species (1 ).
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