Relatively smaller sliding angles indicate that the butterfly wing surface has fine self-cleaning property.
As for the second scenario, the seven wing shapes are considered with same wing surface.
The scales on butterfly wing surface arrange like overlapping roof tiles.
Significantly different SAs in various directions indicate the anisotropic self-cleaning property of butterfly wing surface.
Butterfly wing surface displays structural anisotropism in micro-, submicro- and nano-scales.
The vortex generators are small vibrating plates attached to the delta wing surface.
This pressure imposed by the airflow causes variable amounts of stress and deflection across the wing surface.
Vortical flows develop at very low angles of attack, and form close to the wing surface.
The results indicate that natural frequencies of the natural wing were significantly correlated to the wing surface area density that was defined as the wing mass divided by the hind wing surface area.
On the other hand, it is known that the wing surface of Morpho butterfly has some complex and sophisticated structures.
It is shown that the temperature difference between the bright and dark colored top wing surface is around 10 °C.
