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Wing defects included extra or abnormal veins and loss of wing margin cells.
Wings were dissected and the first 20 bristles of the anterior wing margin were imaged on a standard light microscope.
Anal vein very short not extending half the distance from its base to wing margin; axillary vein strongly curved.
This cell rearrangement is induced by selective apoptosis of wing margin cells that are spatially separated from hair cells.
Media (M) – fourth longitudinal vein, reach the wing margin.
Cubitus posterior (CuP) – is unbranched, curved and reach the wing margin.
Cubitus (Cu) – fifth longitudinal vein, cubitus posterior (CuP) is unbranched and reach the wing margin.
Radius and Media (R+M) – third and fourth longitudinal vein, the strongest vein on the wing, with branches, R1-R4, reach the wing margin, the media anterior (MA) are also reach the wing margin.
Some species CuA and 1A are separated, some species meets when reaching the wing margin, some species fused.
Mad RNAi clones eliminated the wing margin.
The wings of rare escapers lack surface adhesion, veins and an obvious wing margin.
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