They have also evolved efficient flight by means of wings derived from the cuticle.
Finally, an explanation for aerodynamic gains seen in flexible versus rigid membrane wings, derived from an unsteady three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model with an integrated distributed control algorithm, is presented.
Reconstructing the azhdarchid wing with broad brachiopatagia (wing shape derived from the 'dark wing' Rhamphorhynchus [91]) generates an aspect ratio of 8.1 (Figure 5), a value comparable to the aspects of modern storks, raptors and bats that engage in static soaring [85], [92] [94].
In Drosophila, the adult wing is derived from wing imaginal discs, which undergo a period of growth and proliferation during larval stages without much programmed cell death.
The total length of the avian wing derives from the underlying wing bones (humerus, radius/ulna and manus) and the functional primary feathers (Fig. 1).
Evidence that MS1096.Gal4 is exclusive to the wing derives from the two reports: complete deletion of the Beadex locus results only in wing defects [21] and crosses to UAS.lacZ show meaningful staining only in the wing imaginal disk [22].
Our observation that EP 1202 (LOF atg1) suppresses the wing defects derived from both C96-domR and C96+Rbf280 favors this idea.
Antagonism between tara and dom is consistent with our observation that loss of tara suppresses the wing nicking derived from loss of dom.
The expression of leg genes in the ontogeny of the insect wing has been universally considered as conclusive evidence in favour of the leg-exite-hypothesis, which proposes that insect wings are derived from mobile leg appendages (exites).
Right-wing rhetoric derived from the need to "set free" people who believe themselves free already has become outdated.That leaves Mr O'Hara's ideal form of Conservatism as a decaffeinated construct.
