New techniques of laminar flow control were proposed, in particular, the method of local heating of the wing leading edge, boundary layer laminarization by means of receptivity control, and electrohydrodynamic methods of boundary layer stability control.
Suction and/or blowing High lift is obtained by adding momentum to the wing surface boundary layer by means of suction and/or blowing.
The Notch pathway is important during animal development, and defective signaling can result in malformed tissues such as the "notched-wing" phenotype in Drosophila, originating by impaired Notch signaling along the dorsoventral wing disc boundary [ 61].
To test if the overexpression of Psn could be an appropriate model to induce ER stress in Drosophila, this gene was overexpressed in part of the vestigial (vg -expression domain, which covg -expressionpouch domainentral boundary (i.e., the cells corresponding to the adult whichmargin) and a part of the hinge and notum, thanks to the GAL4–UAS system.
Based on the computational capabilities for treating moving boundary problems, wing shape optimization can be conducted in automated manners.
Finally, the method is applied on low-Reynolds number flapping wing applications, where large boundary motions are involved.
Further, Major and Irvine [57] have reported that actin, in response to Notch signalling, is responsible for cell sorting and shape changes at the D/V boundary in wing imaginal discs.
As a result, dpp-lacZ expression decreased from 11 to 6 rows of cells at the anteroposterior boundary of wing imaginal disc (Panáková et al., 2005).
Ectopic expression of Src42A along the A/P boundary of wing imaginal discs driven by ptc-Gal4 (ptc>Sresultedesulted in strong cell migration phenotype along with the upregulation of MMP1.
