Tissue shear is dramatically altered in dumpy ov1 mutant wings as compared to WT instead of shearing in the PD axis, these wings shear on average along the AP axis.
Modifiers were divided into phenotypic classes based on the alterations of their wing veins as compared to wing veins of act-Gal4:UAS-DysN-RNAi/(+ or CyO), tub-Gal4:UAS-DysC-RNAi/(+ or TM3) and tub-Gal4:UAS-DgRNAi/(+ or TM3) sibling flies.
When rbf1 was overexpressed and diap1 was simultaneously inactivated by RNAi, we observed an increase of notches in the wings as well as an increase in the amount of apoptosis in wing imaginal discs as compared with the overexpression of rbf1 alone.
Presumably as a result of these DFM patterning or attachment phenotypes, Wnt2 mutant flies hold out their wings more strongly as compared to lms mutants and are also unable to fly.
Indeed, we found an overwhelming rescue of the wing expansion defect if Gβ13F/Gγ1 were co-overexpressed: only 3% of aged female wings and 32% of the male wings now remained folded, as compared to 79% and 93% of female and male flies, respectively, overexpressing Gαo alone (Table 2).
The most distinct case of sexual dimorphism is that of adult females of many Psychidae species which have only vestigial wings, legs, and mouthparts as compared to the adult males that are strong fliers with well-developed wings and feathery antennae.
When rbf1 was overexpressed in a buffy H37 heterozygous context, distribution of the wing phenotypes shifted toward stronger phenotypes as compared with the overexpression of rbf1 alone.
When rbf1 was co-overexpressed with either RNAi-mip120 or RNAi-mip130, the distribution of wing phenotypes shifted toward weaker phenotypes as compared with the expression of rbf1 alone.
Overexpression of Egr or HepCA in the posterior compartment of wing disc results in elevated Wg protein level, as compared with that in the anterior compartment.
