The other is the first step on the path to a particular sort of tissue such as the lining of a windpipe.
The team extracted these, cultured them and then used a special growth factor to persuade them to spin off chondrocytes.Both epithelial cells and chondrocytes were applied liberally to the treated trachea and the result, when it had settled down into something that resembled a natural windpipe, was transplanted into Ms Castillo.
This war is not being fought for the oil companies or to keep oil "cheap"—no war came after the oil shocks of 1973 and 1979 but to keep the hands of a ruthless blackmailer off the windpipe of the world economy.
So-called tissue engineers have mastered the arts of artificial skin and bladders, and recently they have managed to rig up a windpipe for a patient whose existing one was blocked.
Iran could fire hundreds of missiles at Israel, attack American forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, organise terrorist attacks in the West or choke off tanker traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, the world's oil windpipe.
So-called tissue engineers have mastered the arts of making artificial skin and bladders, and they recently managed to cook up a windpipe for a patient whose existing one was blocked.
By not pressing on the animal's windpipe, it enabled the animal to drag greater weight and faster than an ox.
A windpipe, though, is a more complicated structure than skin or a bladder.
IN THE hierarchy of transplant surgery, replacing a bronchus (the passage from the main windpipe, the trachea, into a lung) does not sound difficult compared with, say, plumbing in a new heart.
Cranes and the adult male limpkin have an extremely long trachea, or windpipe, that is coiled in several convolutions.
Presumably this lengthening of the windpipe gives resonance to the voice.
