Resonant dynamic response was less significant with downdraft outflow wind forcing than boundary layer wind forcing.
Peak values of tower response to downdraft outflow wind forcing were significantly larger than that from boundary layer wind forcing.
Decadal variability of the ITF can be mainly attributed to the Pacific wind forcing.
The ITF experienced substantial interannual and decadal variations, influenced by the Indian and Pacific wind forcing.
The seasonal evolution of these currents is mainly due to wind forcing.
In the case of wind forcing, they show the typical transition from barotropic to baroclinic motion.
The Bay also experiences significant interannual variation in turbidity, which was attributed primarily to changes in wind forcing.
The physical processes at work include solar radiation, wind forcing, river discharge, tides, and water exchange with adjacent seas.
However, the snowmelt runoff has little effect on larvae transport since wind forcing, rather than riverine buoyancy, dominates the circulation patterns.
Under the wind forcing from the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the ITF has significant interannual variabilities, with ENSO and IOD events, of about 5Sv.
Reasons for this variability include changes on the Sun, solar wind forcing, plasma instabilities, turbulence, wave-wave interaction, and wave-particle coupling.
