Adults also had higher willingness response rates for all victims (Table 4).> -wrap-foot> **Sex of stranger not stated This study was part of a broader set of feasibility research to establish a village-based first response system including drowning in rural Bangladesh.
2. Theme 2 Willingness – denoted responses relevant to students willingness to engage, assist, learn and practice.
A probabilistic multi-agent model is then constructed to fully reproduce the statistical distribution of respondents' willingness in response to different characteristic factors.
The critical importance of affective evaluations in this risk perception model underscores the relevance of attitudinal interventions as informed by the EPPM, for pandemic willingness-related response trainings for EMS personnel.
For all willingness questions the responses ranged from '1 = definitely unwilling to 5 = definitely willing'.
In addition, there were personal and perceived stigma measures focusing on emotional/rejection responses, willingness to help, and disclosure concerns [ 44, 48, 57, 61, 86, 98, 124].
Perceived importance of one's role in the organizational response was strongly associated with response willingness.
Specifically, its dimensions appear to include: 1) perceived threat, as evidenced by findings of scenario-specific response willingness rates; and 2) perceived efficacy, as highlighted by the powerful influences of response efficacy ("My response makes a difference") and self-efficacy ("I can do what is expected of me as a responder").
Based on the principle that "all disasters begin locally", these observations underscore a fundamental need to understand root causes of local public health workers' barriers to response willingness, as a basis for identifying and addressing public health response system gaps in this domain.
For example, in a 2005 pilot study conducted in three local health departments in Maryland, we found that a health department employee's individual perceived level of importance in their agency's response efforts was a particularly strong peripheral influence on response willingness toward an influenza pandemic [8].
The attitudes and beliefs distinguishing an EMS worker's response willingness if asked but not required (Table 5) included: being prepared to perform their responsibilities in a pandemic influenza emergency [OR 95%CI) = 3.8 (10.40 10.40)], and confidence about safety at work [OR 95%CI) = 3.3 (1.40, 7.67)], adjusting for the other attitudes and beliefs.
