Exact(2)
In the wild prevalence is dictated by specific predator-prey interactions, and there is little doubt their influence on host ecology is significant [ 6, 7].
Fieldwork confirms that seasonal temperature changes are associated with equivalent effects in the wild: prevalence in the Welsh population was twice as high in April (84%) as in July (43%), with major differences in individual intensities.
Similar(58)
Wild boar bTB prevalence has been found to correlate with prevalence in red deer, although wild boar always showing higher prevalence than deer [5].
But it is rare, in the wild, for their prevalence to be high enough to cause a mass outbreak.
Among wild rodents, antibody prevalence was 8.5% in murids, 1.4% in heteromyids, and < 0.1% in sciurids.
PCR for PCV2 yielded positive in 30 (45.5%) young wild boars (with prevalence ranging from 25% in piglets to 57.1% in subadults).
In wild rodents, parasite prevalence and intensity are known to underlie spatial and temporal variation, as well as intrinsic factors such as the immune status, sex, and age of the host [ 28, 63].
For instance, in North American wild ducks, AIV prevalence peaks around late summer/early fall prior to south bound migration, with highest virus isolation rates reported in juvenile ducks [ 44, 45].
Depending on risk factors such as host age and management including feeding and fencing, wild boar TB prevalence ranges based on gross pathology from 18 to 100% [ 16, 17].
Studies regarding chimpanzee simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz) also support these findings, given that only P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii are infected in the wild (>30% prevalence) and P. t. ellioti only get infected when kept in captivity with P. t. troglodytes (Keele et al. 2006; Van Heuverswyn et al. 2007).
Its weak link with wild boar apparent prevalence may be due to a correlation between Iberian hare habitat suitability and Bio-region 3. A similar explanation can be given for the inclusion of rainfall in the large-scale model, having in consideration that rainfall is more abundant in the North (e.g. Bio-region 1) than in Bio-region 3 (Table 1).
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