Pathophysiologically, widespread and sudden stimulation of mucin secretion causes airflow obstruction in asthma [ 1, 47].
The same results were obtained when the three DCN (medial, interpositus and lateral nucleus) were evaluated individually (Fig. S2), showing that the effect of environmental stimulation was widespread.
43 These brainstem nuclei are major effector hubs in coordinating primitive arousal and emotional responses to sensory stimulation via widespread ascending and descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways.
A case study in a single infant demonstrated that noxious stimulation evoked widespread brain activity (Williams et al. 2015), which included brain regions previously reported to be involved in adult pain (Tracey et al., 2007).
Second, simultaneous partial reduction of Tsp4b (sub-threshold doses of tsp4b-MO) and Itg signaling in heterozygous integrin-linked kinase (ilk +/− ) mutants, neither of which causes any detachment on its own, led to dramatic and widespread muscle detachment upon stimulation (Postel et al., 2008; Figure 4N).
The group data reported in the left part of Figure 7 show that flickering stimulations produced widespread activation of dorsal and ventral visual areas that was consistent with their retinotopic organization.
Currently, two modalities of neural stimulation are in widespread use for treatment of epilepsy: vagus nerve stimulation and responsive neural stimulation.
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS), the most widespread application of neuromodulation, became established before the era of evidence-based medicine, which privileges the results of blinded, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) over other forms of clinical evidence.
Many clinicians, on the other hand, use the thalamic nomenclature by Hassler, because of its widespread use in the deep brain stimulation (DBS) literature.
