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To the Editor: Bluetongue is an arboviral disease of domestic and wild ruminants characterized by vascular injury that produces widespread edema and tissue necrosis (1).
By contrast, Alk1-Cre/+ Nrp1 fl/fl mutants at E16.5 (n=3 embryos) were growth-impaired and displayed widespread edema and hemorrhage (Fig. 1D).
On the other hand, endothelial-specific c-Myc overexpression in mice also causes embryonic lethality arising from widespread edema, multiple hemorrhagic lesions and severe defects in the vascular network, accompanied by an elevated level of VEGFA (Kokai et al., 2009).
Remarkably, most of the postmortem lungs with ELS exhibited no significant acute inflammatory cellular response such as neutrophilic reaction, and little evidence of widespread edema except for focal intra-alveolar hemorrhage.
Elastic fiber restructuring is consistent with two clinical manifestations of ARDS observed in the ELS cohort of individuals, namely severe hypoxemia (PaO2 FiO2 < 200 mm Hg), and rapid progression of clinical symptoms in spite of little evidence of acute or specific chronic inflammation, or widespread edema.
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A patient with neurosarcoidosis presenting with compressive ischemic optic disc edema, widespread retinal ischemia, and neovascular glaucoma is described, increasing the diversity of clinical presentations and confirming the diagnostic challenge of neurosarcoidosis.
These findings differ substantially from those of HPAIV (H5N1)–infected chickens, which are characterized mainly by widespread hemorrhage and edema and death by about 2 dpi (31 ).
The acute phase of such lesions is characterized by widespread intra- and extramuscular edema and hematoma and complete disruption of the muscle; these lesions heal with scar formation and generally muscle weakness [7].
Histologically, widespread alveolar wall thickening caused by edema, severe hemorrhage in the interstitium and alveolus, and marked and diffuse interstitial infiltration with inflammatory cells were observed in the ALI group.
Congestion and edema of the brain, widespread perivenous demyelination mainly in the cerebral and cerebellar white matter, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord, and in severe cases, necrosis of vessels and perivascular tissue are the histologic characteristics.
Venous occlusion causes mucosal edema and punctate hemorrhage that progress to widespread hemorrhages.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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