We calculated R0 for Ebola in Liberia to be 1.63 (95% CI: 1.59 1.66) prior to widespread interventions, consistent with other R0 estimates for the current outbreak (16 18), but somewhat lower than those calculated for the previous outbreaks, which ranged between 1.8 and 2.7 (19 21).
In addition, genomic sequencing of human pancreatic cancer samples revealed widespread mutations consistent with activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway (Jones et al., 2008).
C-terminal sequences from clade I and VI rhs did not have widespread matches, consistent with the restricted taxonomic distribution of their core sequences (see Figure 2).
Overall, more transcripts decrease in whole Adar1 embryos than increase; this may be related to losses of hematopoietic cells or to more widespread defects consistent with apoptosis observed in Adar1 mutant embryos.
DERA, as part of the pentose phosphate shunt, catalyzes the reversible reaction of 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and acetaldehyde [ 31] and, as such, might be expected to exhibit widespread expression consistent with an enzyme involved in intermediate metabolism.
In our case, however, the resected adenohypophysis showed markedly widespread ACTH immunopositivity consistent with hyperplasia.
Instead, we infer that ADM requires a non-cell- autonomous effect produced by widespread Ptf1a deletion, consistent with some sort of "field" effect.
The expression of ubc-25 as indicated by the mCherry::UBC-25 chimeric protein was widespread during embryogenesis, consistent with an earlier report (Schulze et al. 2003).
This idea of long-term and widespread impacts is consistent with the nonnative grass S. barbatus, which is often associated with disturbed areas [ 19], being the most abundant plant in our study area.
