These results suggest that AsNLRC3 can be a pivotal cytosolic innate immune receptor for recognizing wide array of pathogens in a euryhaline teleost model like Asian seabass in diverse environmental conditions.
This phenomenon suggests that in spite that each host encounters a wide array of pathogens, mechanisms of escape and/or resistance [30] to some of them would operate, which could explain their selectivity.
We analyzed the survival of glp-4 and glp-1 mutant nematodes when infected with a wide array of pathogens, including the Gram negative bacteria P. aeruginosa and S. enterica, the Gram positive bacterium E. faecalis, and the fungal pathogen C. neoformans.
Here, we investigate the impact of insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens, an epidemiologically important vector of a wide array of pathogens.
TLR activation of microglia forms the primary response against a wide array of pathogens [ 33, 34], including aggregated proteins, e.g. α-synuclein [ 34, 35].
Normal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparations are known to neutralize a wide array of pathogens plus their virulence factors and in addition possess broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities.
Although some controversy still persists [ 27- 30], in vivo data demonstrate that non-rodent species display functional NOS-2 expression after infection with a wide array of pathogens.
The methodology present here should be applied to future 'fever studies' on which there may be a wide array of pathogens.
Together, these studies offer tantalizing hypotheses for the adaptive significance of among-species gene flow and genomic plasticity in allowing the Anopholes genus to act as vectors for a wide array of pathogens.
In addition, we identified numerous potential antimicrobial peptides that most probably contribute to the observed immune defense that is obviously important to control the wide array of pathogens present in the habitat of Eristalis larvae.
