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This illustrates that as pore widening time increases, the pores are enlarged and opened.
Pore diameter and spatial distribution were controlled by manipulating the pore widening time at a constant voltage during the mask fabrication process.
But this solution has led to another problem: the widening time gap.
These results agree with previous studies, which reported about the PL dependence on the pore widening time in NAA fabricated in oxalic acid under MA conditions [9].
Figure 4 Set of illustrations of the pore structure as a function of the pore widening time in nanoporous anodic alumina fabricated in oxalic ((a) top and (b) cross-section views) and in malonic acids ((c) top and (d) cross-section views).
For this nanoporous alumina template with different graded pores (diameters of 74, 63 and 43 nm) were prepared by controlling the pore widening time [11].
The data in Figure 4 demonstrate that by a precise control of the temperature and of the pore-widening time, the stop band central wavelength can be modulated between 500 and 820 nm.
For those NAAMs used to analyse the effect of the pore widening time (i.e. the pore diameter) on the PL behaviour, a subsequent pore widening stage was performed by wet chemical etching in H3PO4 5 wt% at 35°C.
Although we have shown that the relative deprivation gap in neonatal mortality has generally widened over time, the absolute gap has reduced.
The diameters of the pores were tuned from 40 to 80 nm by adjusting the widening time from 1 to 10 min.
The length of each segment is controlled by the total current charge passed through the system, and the pore diameter is regulated by the pore widening time length.
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