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For the pore widening process, the solution used was 0.1 M phosphoric acid solution at a temperature of 30 °C for about 1 h.
As Figure 1c shows, for samples HA-Ox2.1 to HA-Ox2.4, the pore widening process produces a linear increase of the PL peak intensity from 0 to 45 min of pore widening time.
During the pore widening process, the outer layer is progressively dissolved and, thus, the PL intensity increases since the light transmittance from the source and the light emission from the middle layer are less hindered by the electrolyte impurities.
However, during NW growth, it slightly increases (by around 4% of its initial value), illustrating the small enlargement of the pore diameter due to the pore widening process when opening the pores' bottom.
Linearly joined carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been fabricated on well-ordered porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanotemplates prepared by a multi-step anodization and pore widening process.
Figure 4 shows the top and bottom views of AAO after the pore widening process.
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Similar disturbances are shown to result in varying relative magnitudes of vertical and lateral (widening) processes, and different channel morphologies as a function of the type of boundary sediments comprising the bed and banks.
Thus, simulated channel sidewall expansion tests, where the channel bed was fixed to represent a non-erodible layer, were designed to investigate how inflow rate, slope gradient and initial channel width affect channel widening processes.
The barrier layer at the bottom of the cylindrical pore was thinned and dissolved away by the voltage drop treatment and the pore widening processes, sequentially.
The NT morphology can be further modified by the post-growth pore-widening process.
To obtain the nanowire network AAOs, we required the manufacturer to add a film-eroding process after the pore-widening process.
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