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In this paper we provide a systematic approach for designing and implementing chain wide transparency systems.
UV spectrum shows the subsistence of wide transparency window suitable for optoelectronic applications.
The UV visible spectral analysis shows the wide transparency window of the complex in the visible region.
Many compounds in alkali or alkaline-earth borogermanate systems are structurally acentric or polar, some of which exhibit excellent Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) coefficients, wide transparency regions, and high optical-damage thresholds as well as excellent thermal stability.
Because of wide transparency window up to 20 μm accompanied by low phonon absorption, good chemical durability, and glass-forming ability, the ChG provide an excellent platform for modern fiber-optic amplifiers and mid-IR lasers [4, 5].
Sapphire has been successfully used in optical devices such as light-emitting diode, laser diodes, and IR-UV detector owing to its wide transparency window from 180 to 5500 nm, wide band-gap, and thermal, chemical, mechanical stability.
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Unfortunately, designing and implementing a chain-wide transparency system is not straightforward.
This could be achieved via system-wide transparency initiatives, direct communication with citizens, and revising laws that undermine the independence of institutions fighting corruption.
One of the key concerns in meat supply chains is to provide chain-wide transparency, whereby food operators capture and share transparency data across the supply chain.
To meet this concern a chain-wide transparency software system is needed that is able to address the desired stakeholder requirements.
Another key remedy from the CMA will be to force suppliers to open up their customer databases to rivals, in a bid to gain more industry-wide transparency and to encourage consumer switching.
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