However, it is unfeasible to use permutation tests for genome-wide scale interaction analysis because the permutation test is computationally intensive.
The "mere" fact of the wider scale of interaction is thus inadequate on its own and does not capture what role globalization may play as a problematic situation for the emergence of new democratic possibilities.
In spite of the enormous territory and the revealed divergence, the populations of the continent have undergone wide scale and intensive time space interaction.
Similarly, a plant GWAS on the microbiome has been published for Arabidopsis thaliana and revealed a list of genes that may participate in a wider scale of interactions as well (Horton et al., 2014).
Recently, it was suggested that HSF1 can inhibit transcription on a wider scale by interactions with Alu elements containing HSF binding sites [ 62].
The systematic mapping on a genome-wide scale of interactions has been undertaken in model plant species whose complete genomic sequences are available, such as Arabidopsis thaliana[ 10, 11] and rice [ 4, 8, 12].
A main challenge in using GWAS to test for G-E interaction is that most GWAS have limited power to detect gene-environment interaction on the genome wide scale after accounting for multiple comparisons.
Detection methods (specially Y2H) opened the possibility to tackle protein-protein interactions on a genome wide scale, producing complete PPINs, which have been called interactomes [ 24- 27].
In general, research on the 'contact-hypothesis' (increased interethnic contact leads to a decrease of prejudice and an increase of interaction across ethnic borders) shows that this hypothesis is not corroborated on a wide scale.
To further expand our knowledge in this area, microarray and bioinformatics analyses were used to investigate HrpL-controlled genes within 3937 on a genome-wide scale, and the interaction of the HrpL protein with promoter regions of T3SS genes was further studied.
They do it on a wide scale.
