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However, it is not very suitable for analysis of non-stationary signals whose statistic characteristics vary with time.
In Equation 26, the phase term h 11 ∗ h 11 only affects the phase distribution of the random variable h 1k inside the Q function, whose statistic is uniform over [0, 2π] and thus can be dropped.
A third option is to base the procedure on the logrank test whose statistic converges to a normal distribution.
The proportion of bootstrap replicates whose statistic falls below the W observed for the original simulated dataset is the p-value for rejecting the RAS model.
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The power is measured as the number of alternative panels whose maximum statistic exceeds the threshold corresponding to α=0.05.
The observed value of the test statistic for the not randomized data (denoted ) is then compared to the reference distribution to calculate the p-value: Here a is the number of conditional randomizations whose cluster statistic was greater than or equal to that observed for the not randomized data, and b is the total number of randomization runs conducted.
A univariate logistic regression was fit for each feature, and those whose C-statistic was greater than 0.6 were identified as potential predictor variables.
The samroc statistic is a ROC-based SAM statistic whose performance is almost the same as that of the SAM-statistic.
Based on the ROC curve, we consider that a test statistic whose ROC curve lies below that of another test statistic has better performance.
J. P. Hayes is one of those golfers, a 43-year-old pro from Appleton, Wis., whose most noticeable statistic from 2008 was missing 11 consecutive cuts.
The second test is the Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic, whose null hypothesis is that the equation is underidentified.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com