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The procedure was repeated with a total of ten whole cigarettes.
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It's the whole cigarette-in-hand, tortured-soul thing that gets me".
However, in many developing countries and in the world as a whole, cigarette consumption continued to increase.
Cigarettes also have this built-in duration and people will smoke at a different rate, and they'll smoke the whole cigarette or part of the cigarette.
However, neither of these methods evaluates the biological effects of fresh whole cigarette smoke.
However, in order to understand the toxicological and biological effect of cigarette smoke, the whole cigarette smoke, i.e., both particulate and vapour phase, needs to be analysed.
Whole cigarette smoke was generated for QCM and chemical fluorescence assessment using a Borgwaldt RM20S smoking engine (Borgwaldt-kc, Hamburg, Germany) as previously described [2].
These assays could be mainly applied to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity properties on whole cigarette smoke as well as condensates or fractions of whole smoke.
The CULTEX™ technology has therefore been modified to evaluate the biological effects of whole cigarette smoke in an in vitro system.
This study demonstrated the QCM could successfully quantify whole cigarette smoke from two distinct products, generated and diluted using a Borgwaldt RM20S smoke engine and delivered to our whole smoke exposure chamber.
Recently there has been an increase in the development of novel whole smoke exposure systems to generate and deliver whole cigarette smoke to in vitro cellular culture systems for toxicological and biological assessment [16].
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