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Popular pigments for colouring plastics include titanium dioxide and zinc oxide (white), carbon (black), and various other inorganic oxides such as iron and chromium.
The statistical analysis of the results showed that the particle size of the Zn-Sm antibacterial white carbon black was significantly affected by the reaction time, reaction temperature and the stirring speed.
A Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the preparation of the Zn-Sm antibacterial white carbon black by the sol-gel method.
Nine pigments were used: azurite, lapis-lazuli, cinnabar, cochineal, orpiment, yellow ochre, lead white, carbon black and gold shell.
The darker flesh of the male characters was based on vermilion, while lead white, carbon black, calcite, gypsum, brown and/or red earths were added, depending on the required luminosity.
For all these 8 reference paintings, the priming mixtures displayed a slight variation in tonality depending on the ratio of lead white, carbon black, brown earths and/or chalk [30].
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Its simple white sails hang above a white carbon-fibre hull, enclosing a shrine to wipe-clean whiteness within.
While much has been made of the audacious new white carbon-fiber wing — dubbed "the bathtub" by its architect, Mel Crouwel — the €127 million, or $163 million, renewal and expansion of the museum is also significant for the painstaking renovation of the historic 1895 museum building.
The paint sample is build up of wood from the panel (layer 0), a chalk-glue ground (layer 1), a transparent brown umber or Kassel earth-pigmented brown second layer (layer 2), followed by a lead white and carbon black pigmented underdrawing layer (layer 3) (Fig. 1b, c).
After about 1912, white flame carbon arc instruments, such as the Klieg light (made by Kliegl Brothers and used for stage shows) were adapted for motion pictures.
Earth materials based on hematite, goethite and terra verte were the main findings, but cinnabar, orpiment, lead white and carbon black were also identified.
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