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Exact(5)
Whiplash loading was delivered using a mini-sled pendulum device.
With continuing application of whiplash loading, the inertia of the head catches up with the neck.
The altered mechanical properties documented in the present study indicate that whiplash loading may cause subfailure injuries to the neck ligaments and embedded mechanoreceptors.
Clinical studies, which have documented pain relief in whiplash patients following nerve block and radiofrequency ablation of facet joint afferents [ 9, 10], provide support for the present results which indicate whiplash loading causes decreased ligament strength.
Peak ligament elongation rates of about 50 mm/s have been estimated for whiplash loading with an average T1 acceleration of 2.3 g over 100 ms [see Figure 5 in reference [ 35]].
Similar(55)
In our study we cannot explore the cause or origin of symptoms; we solely investigate the symptom load in chronic whiplash.
This hypothesis suggests that the generally increased symptom load in self-reported whiplash is a memory, response style or attention bias seen in some individuals, producing positive responses to questions regarding both past injuries and recent symptoms.
Ellie is a perfect spunky heroine, even if Brackmann loads her story with enough plot turns to induce permanent whiplash.
Individuals with a heavy symptom load would to a greater extent seek medical help after a whiplash injury than others, resulting in an exaggerated symptom reporting in the chronic whiplash group.
Also, the increased load of diffuse somatic symptoms is difficult to explain if chronic whiplash is considered a mere result of a neck injury.
The increased load of symptoms of anxiety and depression found among individuals reporting a whiplash injury, is in line with previous studies [ 3, 13, 15, 21].
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