In Drosophila, two separate populations of GRNs encode aversive and appetitive information: aversive chemicals are detected by GRNs expressing the GR66a receptor (hereafter called Gr66a-GRNs) [15] [18], while sugars are encoded by GRNs expressing GR5a (Gr5a-GRNs) [17], [19], [19].
Among these cyanobacteria-derived OREs, DnaB is encoded by the plastid genome, while others are encoded by the nuclear genome in red algae.
Of these 37 genes, 28 are encoded on the heavier guanine-rich DNA strand (H-strand), while nine are encoded on the cytosine-rich light strand (L-strand).
In general, 61% of the predicted C. aurimucosum ATCC 700975 genes are located on the leading strands of both replichores, while 39% are encoded on the lagging strands.
In Cryptophytes and Chlorarachniophytes, some genes for r-proteins of the 80S ribosomes in the periplastidal compartment, where the nucleomorph resides, are encoded in the nucleomorph, while others are encoded in the host nucleus (Curtis et al. 2012).
Nine proteins are encoded by genes on the J-strand (cox1, cox2, cox3, atp6, atp8, nad3, nad4, nad4L, nad5), while four are encoded by genes on the N-strand (nad1, nad6, nad2, cytB).
TBLASTN analysis reveals that 303 of the proteins are also encoded by the E. pisi genome (E value <1e-10), while 278 are encoded by the G. orontii genome (E value <1e-10) as well.
miRNA coding regions display different genomic organizations: while 50% are encoded in introns or exons of protein coding genes, the other half map in ncRNA host genes or, when no host transcript can be identified, in intergenic regions.
SiRNAs are frequently found derived from transposable elements (also called transposons), repeated sequences and antisense strands of protein-coding mRNA templates[ 2], while miRNAs are encoded by genes either clustered or dispersed in the genome.
While key frames are encoded using intra-frame coding techniques, such as H.264 intracoding technique, Wyner-Ziv frames are encoded with channel encoders such as turbo codes or LDPC codes, and only parity bits are transmitted for Wyner-Ziv frames.
