Enlarged portals increased the ion conductance current as expected (about 4 times), while replacement of the β-barrel only resulted in a slight increase.
The activity assay indicated that replacement of Loop 1 did not affect the enzymatic activity of PolB, while replacement of Loop 2 decreased the UMP methylation activity to 10% and the dUMP methylation activity to about 30%.
A higher Nb and a lower Al content improved the cleavage fracture stress of the B2 phase while replacement of a part of Nb with Mo or Ta had no significant effect.
Replacement of one oxygen atom in the benzoquinone molecule by an N-arylamino fragment results in a cathodic potential shift of 220 mV, while replacement of this atom by an N-arylsulphonylamino fragment shifts the potential anodically by 370 mV.
The results showed that neither AS of hatched embryos prior to vitrification, nor the addition of sucrose into vitrification solutions improves the outcome of vitrification, while replacement of sucrose with galactose in warming solution increases the survival and developmental rates of vitrified embryos in culture.
Compounds capable of participating in a Michael-type addition reaction were found to be active, while replacement of the aldehyde group by a carboxylic acid moiety resulted in less active compounds.
Furthermore, while replacement of Glu362 by Ala or Gln was expected to block EPG attachment, replacement by Asp also completely abolished EPG addition, demonstrating that the enzyme catalyzing attachment of EPG, or its precursor molecule, is highly specific for Glu at this position and doesn't recognize a carboxyl group linked to a shorter amino acid side chain.
Nevertheless, transfer of the top grade embryos often fails to establish a viable pregnancy, while replacement of embryos with poor morphological scores sometimes results in a live birth.
While replacement of concentrations below the LOD by LOD/√2 has been employed [ 6], this type of substitution has been shown to generate biased estimates [ 22, 23].
The replacement of leucine by proline at position 10 would be expected to disrupt the alpha-helical domain, while replacement of arginine by proline at position 25 would change the characteristic polarity of the carboxyl domain of the signal sequence.
