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While engineered networks are designed and refined by humans with particular goals in mind, biological networks are created by the selective pressures of evolution.
Thlaspi was unable to survive in mining soils containing either a level higher than 11 000 mg kg−1 of Pb and 4500 mg kg−1 of Zn, while engineered plants yielded an average of 0.5 kg per plant.
While engineered SiO2 nanoparticle toxicity is being widely investigated, mostly on cell lines or in acute animal experiments, the practical importance of as well as the theoretical interest in industrial condensation aerosols with a high SiO2 particle content seems to be neglected.
Some of the endogenous sources of ROS include mitochondrial respiration, inflammatory response, microsomes, and peroxisomes, while engineered NM, environmental pollutants act as exogenous ROS inducers.
Wild-type strains produce ethanol, acetic acid and under some conditions lactic acid as the main products of fermentation, while engineered strains produce ethanol at high yield (>90%% of theoretical) and titer (30 70 g/L) [ 2– 4].
FGF8b transgenic mice have been shown to develop mammary and salivary gland tumours (Daphna-lken et al, 1998), while engineered overexpression of FGF8b in both prostate and breast cancer cell lines is known to induce a more aggressive phenotype displaying enhanced invasion and growth (Rudra-Ganguly et al, 1998; Ruohola et al, 2001).
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In addition to having implications to controlling nanoparticle exposure while driving, the same principle may be applicable to reducing exposures while generating engineered nanomaterials.
The wild female typically mates only once in her lifetime while the engineered male dies within a week.
The mutant M. lewisii now sported yellow-orange flowers, while the engineered M. cardinalis flowers turned a dark pink.
The Teen Idles played live in the basement while Zientara engineered and Groff produced.
The string instruments were arranged by Craig Armstrong, while Andy Todd and Jim Abbiss engineered the record.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com