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While aboveground changes in biodiversity are well documented, the effects on belowground microbial communities are less understood, yet could impact on many ecosystem functions.
New York City's subway continued to operate underground, while aboveground service was suspended at 4 a.m.
While aboveground biomass of annuals greatly increased with 25 kg ha−1 or 50 kg ha−1 nitrogen application in the NP treatment, aboveground biomass of perennial species did not (Figure 6).
Belowground resource limitations (such as water or nitrogen shortage) promote dry mass allocation to belowground parts [50], [51], while aboveground resource (light) limitation promotes more dry mass allocation to shoots [52].
The correlation of species composition in the current seed bank to an earlier aboveground community suggests that seed banks exhibit storage effects while aboveground species composition in this system is not driven by seed bank composition, but is perhaps due to environmental filtering.
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Also, the pipes in a closed loop vertical bore well system are warranted for 50 years, while the aboveground geothermal equipment has a life expectancy of 25 to 30 years, Mr. Goodwin said.
Caving, naturally, tends not to be a favorite pastime of the claustrophobe, which is why sufferers should make sure to stay aboveground while in Budapest, Hungary.
Thus, plants have to face the conflict of expressing efficient resistance to pathogens aboveground while maintaining the symbiosis with mutualistic microbes belowground.
The species selected for this study exhibit two growth patterns: L. clavatum and S. annotinum have both vertical and horizontal photosynthetic shoots and grow primarily aboveground, while D. digitatum and Dendrolycopodium dendroideum only have vertical photosynthetic shoots aboveground and with more developed horizontal shoots and relatively more dense roots belowground (Fig. 1).
Lime application significantly enhanced rice aboveground biomass, while reducing the area- and yield-scaled global warming potential of CH4 and N2O emissions.
As a consequence, root-to-shoot ratio reduced significantly with dry and liquid sludge due to promoted aboveground growth while maintaining and even reducing belowground fractions.
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