They also measured running in other ways – by total weekly distance, frequency, speed and the "total amount of running" (which was calculated by multiplying duration and speed).
Data are presented in terms of crossing threshold (Ct), which was calculated as ΔCt=Ct(Htr2c)–Ct(Cyclophilin).
All membrane voltages were corrected for a liquid junction potential, which was calculated to be 0.4 mV.
Mr. Minson also played down the $1.9 billion loss, which was calculated according to generally accepted accounting principles, in favor of a number of nonstandard measures.
Normalized read depth within the unique sequence was achieved by dividing the read depth, which was calculated using samtools bedcov, by the median genome coverage.
Cell death was shown by the change in cell viability, which was calculated as: (viable cell)% = (optical density (OD) of untreated sample/OD of treated sample) × 100.
The dinoflagellate density was determined in triplicate using a Neubauer ruled hemocytometer and normalized to the surface area of the coral, which was calculated using simple cylinder geometry43.
A constraint on total availability of woody biomass was taken into account, which was calculated through a simulation on forestry.
We investigated six groups used for PFSA membranes and changed the configuration of polymer, which was calculated separately.
The results were used to determine the suspension performance, which was calculated using Eq. (1).
The energy content, which was calculated through the proximate analysis results, was 16.80 MJ/kg.
