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To check for changes in the transposition rate, we fit models in which transposition rates vary exponentially with time.
We isolated five independent clones in which transposition disrupted the nth ORF, the gene encoding for Endo III (Supplementary Table S1).
Here, we show an additional way in which transposition activity contributed to the evolution of B. graminis, by the recycling and neofunctionalization of degenerate TE products which may generate new effector genes.
However, estimated carrying capacities (the number above which transposition would stop completely) were well above the observed number of copies (Fot2, Fot3, Fot5, and Fot6 occupy only 8%, 5 %, 13, and 4% of their theoreticandniche, respectively).
The implication of TEs in hybrid dysgenesis is one of the examples in which transposition may drive population isolation and is often proposed as one of the first steps of speciation (Kidwell and Novy 1979; Fontdevila 2005).
One possibility is that the large number of new repeat sequences discovered de novo may be due to TRIMs and LARDs, the latter for which transposition events yield high sequence variability even among mRNA transcripts (Kalendar et al. 2004).
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A second type of dynamics is referred as "Exponential", and is compatible with a model in which the transposition rate per copy is constant, meaning the more copies the more transposition events.
Since a "regulation" of the EU is to be adopted as national law without any changes, it is more stringent than a "directive", which requires transposition into the national body of laws.
However, we identified a line in which its transposition frequency suddenly increased and is correlated with a high copy number of ZAM.
The RNA encodes reverse transcriptase and endonuclease, which mediate transposition.
However, unless stated otherwise we will assume a maximally efficient reaction in which each transposition event converts one copy of the element into two copies.
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