Interestingly, different from many studies, NIX as mitochondria out membrane protein (Chen et al., 1999; Ding et al., 2010; Kanki, 2010), they reported NIX was predominately a cytosolic protein which translocated from cytosol to mitochondria after hypoxia stress (Birse-Archbold et al., 2005); in addition, the mitophagy role in this study could be further explored.
Subsequently, Kyn binds to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it can drive expression of various genes [73].
Apart from the photosynthates which translocate from leaves, grape berries are capable of local photosynthetic assimilation.
Bid is cleaved by caspase-8 in a truncated form (tBid), which translocates from the cytosol to the OMM, mediating pore formation.
The presence of ERs is fundamental for the direct action of estrogen in a given cell, which translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus after activation by the hormone.
Some authors claimed that this membrane receptor is the intranuclear VDR receptor itself, which translocates from the nucleus to the plasma membrane, while others suggest that this is a distinct receptor [ 25, 26].
The cryptochromes are represented by three proteins: cry1, which translocates from the nucleus to the cytosol on light activation; cry2, which is constitutively nuclear localized and cry3, which seems to be dual targeted to mitochondria and plastids (Kleine et al, 2003; Lin and Shalitin, 2003).
The loss of I κB α results in the release of the free NF- κB subunit p65, which translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it triggers the transcription of multiple proinflammatory genes, including cytokines (TNF- α, IL-1 β, iNOS, COX2, etc)., chemokines, and adhesion molecules [ 31, 32].
The results on the functional and immnoprecipitation analyses, together with the imaging profiles, infer that the IPS-1-enhancing function of DDX3 should be blocked by both NS3/4A-mediated IPS-1 degradation and the HCV core which translocates DDX3 from the IPS-1 complex to the proximity of LD in HCV replicon-expressing cells.
14, 26, 27 Furthermore, Ca2+ influx can induce a scramblase activity, which translocates PS from the inner to the outer cell membrane leaflet.
The first step in NHEJ is the detection of fragmented DNA by Ku70/Ku80, which translocates inward from the DNA end to make the DNA termini accessible to DNA-PKcs (Lees-Miller & Meek, 2003).
