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Furthermore, RhoA-GTP assay confirmed that the elevated MPF activities activated RhoA which then activated MAPK during ooplasmic protrusion.
One hypothesis is that the initial jolt was strong enough to dislodge a particularly high-friction patch of the subduction zone, which then activated the otherwise stable, water-rich upper section.
We assume Keepon's minimal expressiveness helped the children understand socially meaningful information, which then activated their intact motivation to share interests and feelings with others.
Recently, Kong et al. found that LPS from E. coli, by binding to TLR4, was able to induce the expression of RIG-I in macrophages which then activated LPS-induced phagocytosis [18].
Importantly, the upregulation of HAS2 in highly metastatic breast cancer stem-like cells showed its critical role for the interaction of the cells with TAMs, leading to enhanced secretion of platelet-derived growth factor-BB from TAMs, which then activated stromal cells and enhanced the breast cancer stem-like cells self-renewal [ 86].
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InsP3 has the capacity to release cytosolic Ca2+ from intracellular stores, which then activates Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (ClCCa) and membrane depolarization, required for opening of voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCC) and Ca2+ influx.
Additionally, PARK2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and studies have shown that PINK1 regulates the recruitment of PARK2 to depolarized fragmented mitochondria, which then activates the ligase activity of PARK2.
It has been proposed that AEC II signal to LIF via parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP), which then activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) pathway.
Via a series of intermediate kinases, activated p21Ras promotes the activation of MAPKs, which then activate transcription factors involved in cell proliferation.
Based on these findings, we assumed that LEF1 either directly regulates Notch2 or another protein acting as a bridge, which then activates LEF1 and inhibits Notch2 activity.
Taken together, our findings support the view that fibronectin induces the activation of FAK which then activates both the ERK1/2/MMP9 and ERK1/2/calpain-2 patoways to promote lung cancer cell invasion and migration, respectively.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com