For TNBC, which account for approximately 15% of all breast cancers (Foulkes et al, 2010) and for which specific targets are lacking, determining which pathways are activated is important.
How exactly SHP2 is stimulating these ligand-gated signaling pathways, i.e. which specific targets it dephosphorylates, remains controversial, but the dephosphorylation and consequent activation of Src family kinases is a likely scenario [ 20].
(31) It will be a challenge to figure out which specific sphingolipid molecules (and combinations of molecules) are present and interacting with which specific targets to achieve the sphingolipid-regulated steps in a biological process.
Studies with cross-fertilizations between different approaches to aquaculture innovation are limited but address specific research questions regarding the extent to which specific target groups are included in interventions and the need to incorporate diverse dimensions in analysing innovation processes.
However, despite the identification of many interacting pathways [4], it remains unclear how the highly variable, context-specific effects of Notch signaling are integrated at the molecular level, i.e. which specific target gene programs are activated.
Finally, in order to assess the therapeutic relevance of genomic classification, we used computational models to determine the activation status of oncogenic pathways, for which specific targeted inhibitors are in clinical development in sarcoma, and studied the association of pathway activation with histologic subtype and chemoresponse.
Complicating factors included fractionation of QTL, pleiotropy or tight linkage of QTL for multiple traits, pericentromeric chromosomal location(s), and/or QTL × E. High-resolution mapping of QTL in this region would be needed to determine which specific target QTL could be useful in breeding cultivated tomato.
Tuberculosis currently claims about 1.8 million lives yearly, directly causes a US$133 billion annual decline in workers productivity, and is one of only several diseases for which specific control targets have been set in the Millennium Development Goals.
Their efficacy might be improved by carriers which can transport large numbers of Pt centres, shield the drug from premature activation, and/or deliver Pt specifically to cancer cells using vectors which recognise specific targets.
Neurons, which signal specific targets in the brain, change, too.
The Millennium Development Goals (MDG), which set specific targets for improving conditions in the world's poorest countries and helped to frame the Gleneagles commitments, expire in 2015.
