This is certainly an incomplete list of scientific questions, answering which requires concerted observational, theoretical, and modeling efforts from scientists of both lower and upper atmosphere communities.
Complete degradation of xylan backbone into its monomers by microbial world is a multistep process which requires concerted action of hemicellulases and cellulases based cocktail.
Testicular descent is a complex series of events which requires concerted action of hormones, constitutive mechanisms, and the nervous system.
Indeed, Professor Sir Michael Marmot recently referred to health inequities as a "stain on our society" which requires concerted political will and moral imperative to change [ 8].
Systematically gathering information on catchment characteristics (sewer system and population) seems as indispensable as inter-laboratory tests for a meaningful comparison of wastewater data, which requires concerted efforts of numerous partners and disciplines.
It is a very ambitious objective, which will require concerted effort by all stakeholders.
Many outstanding questions remain about the origin of G. destructans, its migration, and reproduction, all of which will require concerted efforts if we are to save bats from predicted extinction (3 ).
In addition, addressing other socio-economic push factors such as poor living and working conditions and lack of accommodation may require concerted government efforts, which may also be limited by fragmentation – so is capitalising on potential stick factors such as targeting students from or with family and social ties in rural communities.
They all require concerted, common, transnational action, for which there are few precedents (suppressing the slave trade, outlawing piracy, the Red Cross are the successful ones that come to mind).The past 40 years, despite tensions and crises, were years of political continuity.
