Of the 6 papers which measured effects on dietary behaviours, 4 reported positive effects [ 43, 44, 46, 48].
Our age-structured stochastic model depends on 3 parameters: mean litter size (denoted λ), adult mortality and a parameter controlling density dependent feedback of number of juveniles on juvenile mortality (denoted k, which measures the effect of competition among juveniles in the nursery; larger k means less effect of competition; see Methods for details and Table 1 for a summary of notation).
The following models were adjusted: which measures the effect of treatment on healing without the influence of the surrogate, which measures the effect of treatment on the surrogate, taking into account the same covariates, and which measures the effect of treatment on wound closure, mediated by the surrogate, taking into account the covariates.
Doctors and nutritional experts recommend sweet potatoes for people with diabetes or who want to eat low on the glycemic index, which measures the effect of carbohydrates on blood sugar.
The main coefficient of interest is δ, which measures the effect on unemployment exits of 10 additional weeks of extended UI benefits (potential benefit duration, or PBD), which varies across states and over time.
The term is further offset by a quantity g(N, m) which measures the effect of population sub-division on the frequency with which such a benefit occurs.
One of the most powerful and quantitative approaches to measure FRET changes is fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), which measures the effect of the acceptor on the excited state lifetime of the donor.
The marginal NNT, which measures the effect of increases in medically indicated early delivery (beyond standard rates of medically indicated early delivery), is an alternative measure that is directly pertinent to obstetric practice.
The change in transition-state stabilization free energy, which measures the effect of the mutations in the cofactor on the catalytic site of the enzyme, was calculated for the double mutants as extensively described previously by our laboratory (23, 24).
The geNorm algorithm also determines the pairwise variation Vn/ n + 1, which measures the effect of adding further reference genes on the normalisation factor (that is calculated as the geometric mean of the expression values of the selected reference genes).
