Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
which may lay
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "which may lay" is not correct in standard written English; it should be "which may lie." You can use "which may lie" when discussing something that has the potential to be in a certain position or state.
Example: "The evidence suggests that the truth may lie in the details we often overlook."
⚠ May contain grammatical issues
Science
News & Media
Alternative expressions(5)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
6 human-written examples
In this section, by incorporating the LDC impulse radio (IR) technique with SCM, we present a promising emission technique for green communications, which may lay the foundation of energy efficient transmissions.
It can be seen from the comparison of the two figures that the algorithm proposed in this paper can restore the micro-Doppler signal caused by the heartbeat and breathing effectively, which may lay the foundation for further extraction of the signal parameters.
They are driving us right to the precipice -- beyond which may lay a place of no return.
News & Media
A 2013 study found that psilocybin could alleviate the fear response in mice, a finding which may lay the foundation for future research on fear in humans.
News & Media
The degradation of accuracy in the validation dataset is rational given that the model is requested to predict data points, which may lay outside of the domain of experience defined by the calibration data set.
Science
Among many biological factors, which may lay at the basis of this gender bias, the genetic and hormonal influences seem most obvious and should be thoroughly examined to gain an understanding of autism pathobiology.
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
54 human-written examples
On first play, the lyrics seem to be a series of tantalising doors, behind which may lie anything or nothing.
News & Media
Many end up living indefinitely in an assigned "lager," or camp, which may lie far from social centers and places of business.
News & Media
Some vertebrate species have only one gonad, which may lie in the midline or on one side; the condition is more common among females.
Encyclopedias
It's difficult to predict the future as libraries exist in a fast changing environment, but one thing seems clear – the availability and convenient access to a huge volume and variety of digital scholarly content will continue, most of which may lie increasingly outside library walls.
News & Media
But there seems no good way to tell when cats, say, or fish, are conscious, let alone to deal with more difficult cases which may lie in the future, such as the putative consciousness of alien life forms or highly intelligent computers.In the face of these problems, it seems natural to turn to the philosophers for help.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Always use "lie" instead of "lay" in contexts describing where something might be situated. "Lay" requires a direct object.
Common error
Don't use "lay" when you mean "lie". "Lay" is a transitive verb (it needs a direct object), while "lie" is intransitive (it doesn't need a direct object). For instance, use "which may lie" and not "which may lay".
Source & Trust
78%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "which may lay" functions as a relative clause, intended to modify a noun by describing a potential state or location. However, according to Ludwig AI, it contains a grammatical error because "lay" is used incorrectly; "lie" is the correct verb in this context.
Frequent in
Science
57%
News & Media
29%
Encyclopedias
14%
Less common in
Formal & Business
0%
Wiki
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "which may lay" functions as a relative clause describing a potential state or location. However, it is generally considered grammatically incorrect because it misuses the verb "lay" instead of "lie". Ludwig AI identifies the correct form as "which may lie". Although examples can be found in various sources, including science and news media, the incorrect usage affects its overall quality. Alternatives such as "that might lie" and "which potentially lies" offer grammatically sound substitutes.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
that might lie
Uses "that" instead of "which" and "lie" instead of "lay", correcting the grammatical error.
which potentially lies
Adds emphasis to the potential nature of the situation.
which could be situated
Specifies a condition of being located or positioned.
that can be found
Replaces the spatial connotation with a focus on discoverability.
that could exist
Shifts focus to possibility and existence rather than a specific location.
that possibly rests
Emphasizes stability or a final position but also contains an adverb.
that is possibly located
Focuses on location with an added sense of uncertainty.
where one might find
Alters structure to emphasize discovery and possibility
that can potentially reside
Formal substitution highlighting the potential and enduring nature.
that is apt to exist
Focuses on something's likelihood of existing in a particular place.
FAQs
What is the correct form, "which may lay" or "which may lie"?
The correct form is "which may lie". The verb "lie" means to recline or be in a place, while "lay" means to place something down. The phrase "which may lay" is grammatically incorrect.
When should I use "lay" instead of "lie"?
Use "lay" when you are talking about placing something down. For example, "She may lay the book on the table". "Lay" always requires a direct object. In contrast, "lie" refers to reclining or being in a certain position.
What can I say instead of "which may lay"?
You can use alternatives like "that might lie", "which potentially lies", or "which could be situated" depending on the context.
Is "which may lay" ever correct?
The phrase "which may lay" is rarely correct. The only time "lay" would be correct is if the thing doing the laying is clear from context. For example, "hens which may lay eggs" is grammatically correct. Otherwise, the better option is to use "lie".
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
78%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested