Renal tissue nitric oxide synthase activity is also reduced, which may activate local oxidative stress pathways contributing to the renal damage [ 45].
KIRs function as NK cell receptors which bind HLA class I molecules which may activate or constitutively inhibit NK cell activity.
However, an IRE1-, Hand- and UPRE-independent pathway for transcriptional activation upon ER stress exists in S. cerevisiae, which may activate a core promoter through stimulation of RNA polymerase II holoenzyme activity [ 64].
In this work, we hypothesise that the chronic exposure of the intestinal mucosa to activated PMNs leads to DNA damage, which may activate checkpoint kinases and initiate MMR, or if this is inefficient, may drive colon carcinogenesis.
Lipid peroxidation results in ROS, which may activate the PKC beta isoform resulting transforming growth factor-beta activation and glomerular BM, matrix expansion, and interstitial renal tubular remodeling.
On the other hand, the activation of the IFN-α-specific receptor induces the activation of Stat-1, Stat-2 and Stat-3, all of which may activate GAS response elements once they have combined with different combinations of dimers.
In addition, benefits can also be attributed to the LCOs, which may activate cell division in non-leguminous plants, such as tobacco (Nicotiana sp).
The release of CGRP provoked by NO donors may be indirectly induced by the formation of nitroxyl (NO-/HNO), a reduced congener of NO (Switzer et al. 2009), which may activate TRPA1 receptors of meningeal afferents.
Allogeneic NK cells are not direct effectors of graft-versus-host disease but this may occur if donor NK cells are infused after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, which may activate T cell alloreactivity.
UV irradiation induces DNA damage and histone modification, which may activate various DNA repair genes, including p53 [20].
