They also reported the date of their first period, which is a proxy for pubertal development.
The yield on Portugese bonds, which is a proxy for the interest rate Lisbon must pay, is still above 6%.
The ratio of carbon 13 and carbon 12 isotopes reflected levels of soil respiration, which is a proxy for plant productivity.
And we see an 11-percentage-point increase in children who qualify for free and reduced-price lunch in schools, which is a proxy for low-income status.
These tools measure movement, which is a proxy for the force of an impact, though they don't measure how the brain responds to that impact.
HeartMath is another app that couples relaxation techniques/meditation/guided imagery with a device that measures heart rate variability, which is a proxy for stress measurement.
There are no up-front fees, and repayments are proportionate to income, which is a proxy of sorts for personal benefit.
The pool of xanthophyll cycle pigments (VAZ) increased in response to sunshine duration per day, which is a proxy for solar radiation (Fig. 7A).
As in so many countries, it starts with that sense of "I'm feeling insecure". It starts with pocketbook issues like the price of bread rising, which is a proxy for well-being.
Indeed, Bell and colleagues determined that the mass of male testes, which is a proxy for sperm competition, is smaller and less variable in frogs that hide while breeding, indicating they are less vulnerable to other males horning in.
To do this, we use actiwatches – small accelerometers worn on the wrist that record how much people have moved, which is a proxy for when they're active and not active – and ask all our participants to complete sleep diaries.
