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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
which indicates as
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "which indicates as" is not correct and does not convey a clear meaning in written English.
It is unclear and does not fit standard grammatical structures, making it difficult to use effectively. Example: "The data collected from the survey, which indicates as a trend in consumer behavior, will be analyzed further."
⚠ May contain grammatical issues
Science
News & Media
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
3 human-written examples
Finally, the detected genes showed a low overlap with those identified by microarrays, which indicates, as in previous studies, low overall concordance between the two platforms.
31– 33 Of note, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors increased substantially with increasing age, which indicates, as expected, that cardiovascular comorbidities tend to accumulate over time in the psoriasis population.
The results showed that the ATPase activity of E. coli/pETC02 (121.3 nM·ml-1·min-1) wasignificantlyly higher than that of E. coli/pET28a (8.1 nM·ml-1·min-1) (Additional file 4: Figure S2 and Figure 4), which indicates as expected that OtrC has ATP hydrolysis activity.
Science
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
56 human-written examples
The extract was significantly increased in immobility time which indicated as CNS depressant effects in mice.
Science
The results of flow cytometric immunophenotyping showed about 13%% atypical plasma cells positive for CD138 and CD38 with λ light-chain restriction, which indicated as multiple myeloma cells (Fig. 1d).
Science
In silico prediction of the putative functional effect was carried out with the programs PolyPhen-2, Provean and SIFT, all of which indicated as damaging the variant p.8Glu > Val in NDUFB6, whereas conflicting results arose for the p. 81Arg > Gln in NDUFB12 (Table 1 and Additional file 1: Table S2).
Science
Over the next 24 hours, researchers draw fluids to check for levels of hormones like cortisol, which indicates stress, as well as healing agents like leukocytes.
News & Media
The preventive maintenance of PSVs thus becomes a source of a leak (which indicates risk) as well as a safety barrier element to reduce risk.
This corresponds to roughly 125,000 P-dCTP molecules or half a million total nucleotides, which indicates that as few as 1,000 hybridised copies of a 500-nt sequence can be detected.
Science
A magnified SEM image reveals the detailed morphology, as shown in the inset of Fig. 1a, which indicates that as-synthesized spheres were composed of fine nanocrystallites, with a rough surface and maybe have pores in it.
Science
The inset show exhibits the detailed morphology of a single tetrapod ZnS, which indicates that as-synthesized crystal consists of four rod-shaped tetrahedrally arranged legs connected at the center, forming a tetrapod structure.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Instead of using "which indicates as", opt for more grammatically correct and clear phrases such as "which indicates that" or "which suggests" for improved clarity and professionalism.
Common error
Avoid using "which indicates as" because it's grammatically unsound. Often, writers mistakenly add "as" after "indicates" when a conjunction or preposition is unnecessary, leading to awkward phrasing. Replace it with clearer alternatives like "which indicates" or "which suggests".
Source & Trust
78%
Authority and reliability
2.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "which indicates as" attempts to function as a relative clause introducing additional information. However, it deviates from standard grammatical structure, making it ungrammatical in English. Ludwig AI underscores this point.
Frequent in
Science
60%
News & Media
30%
Wiki
10%
Less common in
Formal & Business
0%
Academia
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "which indicates as" is grammatically incorrect and lacks clarity in standard English. Ludwig AI highlights this issue, suggesting that while it may appear in some contexts, particularly in scientific writing, it's advisable to use grammatically sound alternatives such as "which indicates that" or "which suggests". These alternatives ensure accurate communication and maintain professionalism, avoiding potential confusion. By opting for clearer phrasing, writers can significantly improve the quality and credibility of their writing.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
which suggests
Replaces "indicates as" with a more grammatically sound and widely accepted alternative that maintains a similar meaning.
which implies
Offers a similar nuance to "indicates as", but with a stronger sense of logical consequence or conclusion.
which demonstrates
Highlights the act of showing or proving something, rather than just pointing it out.
which signifies
Emphasizes the symbolic meaning or importance of what is being indicated.
which reveals
Focuses on uncovering something previously unknown or hidden.
which points to
Indicates direction or tendency, suggesting a possible outcome or conclusion.
which is indicative of
Replaces the verb phrase with an adjective phrase, offering a more formal and descriptive tone.
which serves as an indication of
Transforms the verb phrase into a noun phrase, emphasizing the role of something as a sign or signal.
which reflects
Suggests that something mirrors or represents something else, indicating a relationship or connection.
which underscores
Highlights the importance or significance of something.
FAQs
What's a better way to phrase "which indicates as"?
Instead of "which indicates as", you can use phrases like "which indicates that", "which suggests", or "which implies" depending on the specific context.
Is "which indicates as" grammatically correct?
No, "which indicates as" is not grammatically correct. The correct phrasing would typically be "which indicates that" or simply "which indicates" followed by the information being indicated.
When should I use "which suggests" instead of "which indicates as"?
Use "which suggests" when you want to imply a possible conclusion or inference, whereas "which indicates that" is used to state something more directly. Avoid "which indicates as" altogether.
What are some alternatives to "which indicates as" in formal writing?
In formal writing, you can replace "which indicates as" with more precise and grammatically correct alternatives such as "which demonstrates", "which reveals", or "which is indicative of" for enhanced clarity and professionalism.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
78%
Authority and reliability
2.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested