which in turn led to

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "which in turn led to" is correct and usable in written English.
It is typically used to indicate a sequence of events or consequences, showing how one action or situation results in another. Example: "The heavy rainfall caused flooding, which in turn led to the cancellation of the outdoor event."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Science

Academia

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

59 human-written examples

Happiness led to wellbeing, which in turn led to mindfulness.

The Guardian - Books

Invariably it led to friendships, which in turn led to references, which in turn led to connections and the people that I wanted to hire.

The Guardian - Business

It led directly to German hyper-inflation, which in turn led to seven million unemployed, and which in turn led to National Socialism.

The Guardian

This has caused severe land degradation, which in turn led to recurrent drought and poverty.

Journal of Arid Environments

He went on to secure volunteering work, which, in turn, led to offers of paid work.

Independent

The feeling prompted her to visit her doctor, which in turn led to the MDS diagnosis.

The New York Times

That position led to television directing, which in turn led to directing movies.

Encyclopedia Britannica

"That led us to pork cuts, which in turn led to cattle and goats".

The New York Times

That led the Islanders to take longer shifts, which in turn led to mistakes or penalties.

The New York Times - Sports

Spiralling debts led to misery, which in turn led to drinking.

The Guardian - Sport

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

1 human-written examples

The rural to urban migration in Nagercoil town increases urban expansion which in turns leads to several groundwater quality problems.

Applied Water Science

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "which in turn led to" to clearly show a cause-and-effect relationship between two events, making your writing more logical and easier to follow.

Common error

Avoid using "which in turn led to" excessively in a single piece of writing. Overusing it can make your writing sound repetitive and less impactful. Instead, vary your phrasing with alternatives like "consequently", "therefore", or "resulting in".

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which in turn led to" functions as a causal connector, linking a previous event or situation to its consequence. Ludwig AI confirms its common usage in demonstrating cause-and-effect relationships.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

34%

Science

34%

Academia

16%

Less common in

Encyclopedias

6%

Formal & Business

2%

Wiki

1%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "which in turn led to" is a frequently used causal connector that clearly demonstrates a cause-and-effect relationship. As Ludwig AI confirms, this phrase is grammatically sound and versatile, appearing in various contexts, including news, science, and academic writing. While highly useful for establishing logical connections, writers should avoid overuse to maintain a balanced and engaging writing style. Its high frequency and consistent application across authoritative sources underscore its reliability as a valuable tool for clear communication.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

consequently resulted in

Replaces "which in turn led to" with a more concise phrase indicating a direct consequence.

subsequently caused

Focuses on the causal effect, using "subsequently" to emphasize the temporal sequence.

thereby producing

Indicates that something was produced or created as a direct result.

that in turn triggered

Suggests a chain reaction, where the initial action "triggered" a subsequent event.

in consequence generated

Highlights the generation of something as a result of the initial action.

as a result brought about

Emphasizes the outcome that was "brought about" by the initial action.

this further catalysed

Implies acceleration, using "catalysed" to show a sped-up process or reaction.

it went on to create

Focuses on the creative aspect, emphasizing that the initial action "created" something new.

eventually spawned

Suggests that the initial action was the origin or beginning of something.

in turn fostered

Implies a nurturing or supportive role, suggesting that the initial action "fostered" growth or development.

FAQs

How can I rephrase "which in turn led to" to avoid repetition?

To avoid repetition, consider using alternatives such as "consequently", "therefore", "resulting in", or "subsequently". The best choice depends on the specific context.

Is it grammatically correct to start a sentence with "which in turn led to"?

While grammatically correct, starting a sentence directly with "which in turn led to" can sometimes sound awkward. It's generally better to include the preceding cause or event in the same sentence or clause for clarity and flow.

What is the difference between "which in turn led to" and "that led to"?

"Which in turn led to" emphasizes a sequence of events where the first event directly causes the second. "That led to" is more general and simply indicates a causal relationship without necessarily implying a chain of events.

Can I use "which in turn led to" in formal writing?

Yes, "which in turn led to" is appropriate for formal writing. However, consider the tone and audience. In some cases, a more concise or sophisticated alternative might be preferable to avoid sounding repetitive or simplistic.