which have

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "which have" is correct and usable in written English.
It is typically used to introduce a relative clause that provides additional information about a noun, often referring to multiple items or entities. Example: "The books which have been recommended by the teacher are on the shelf."

✓ Grammatically correct

Academia

News & Media

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

which have already begun.

The New Yorker

Which have been the most successful?

The New York Times

All of which have been relatively untested.

The New York Times - Sports

"Which have been better?" he wrote.

The New Yorker

Which have a logarithm?

Journal of Functional Analysis

Which have grounded it?

The New York Times

Which have died?

The New York Times - Magazine

Which have you used?

The Guardian

Why? Which have failed?

The New York Times

which have been resumed.

The New Yorker

Which have their place.

The New York Times

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "which have" to introduce nonrestrictive clauses, providing additional but non-essential information about a noun. These clauses are set off by commas.

Common error

Avoid using "that have" in nonrestrictive clauses; "which have" is more appropriate when the clause is set off by commas and provides extra information.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which have" functions as a relative pronoun introducing a nonrestrictive relative clause. This clause provides additional, non-essential information about the noun it modifies. As Ludwig AI states, the phrase is correct and usable in written English.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

40%

Academia

38%

Science

22%

Less common in

Encyclopedias

0%

Formal & Business

0%

Social Media

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "which have" is a standard and versatile relative clause construction, primarily used to introduce nonrestrictive clauses that offer additional details about a noun. As Ludwig AI confirms, it is grammatically correct and widely applicable. Its prevalence in diverse sources, particularly News & Media and Academia, underscores its utility across varied writing styles. Remember to distinguish its use from "that have", reserving "which have" for nonessential, parenthetical information set off by commas. Alternatives include "that have", "having", and, depending on the context, more specific verbs like "contain" or "include".

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

that have

Uses "that" instead of "which" as a relative pronoun.

having

Rephrases the sentence to use a participle clause.

that possess

Replaces "have" with "possess", indicating ownership or attributes.

that include

Emphasizes inclusion rather than general possession.

which include

Uses "include" to specify a subset of items.

that consist of

Highlights the components or elements something is made of.

that contain

Focuses on the contents or components within something.

which consist of

Highlights the constituent parts of something.

featuring

Uses a participle to introduce a characteristic or attribute.

characterized by

Emphasizes the defining traits or features.

FAQs

How can I use "which have" in a sentence?

Use "which have" to introduce a nonrestrictive clause, adding extra information about a noun. For example: "The books, "which have been recommended", are on the shelf."

What's the difference between "that have" and "which have"?

"Which have" is used for nonrestrictive clauses (additional, non-essential information), while "that have" is used for restrictive clauses (essential information). For example: "The books that have red covers are mine" (restrictive) vs. "The books, "which have red covers", are mine" (nonrestrictive).

Can I use "having" instead of "which have"?

Yes, you can rephrase the sentence using "having" to create a participle clause. For example, instead of "The projects, "which have been completed", are now under review", you can say "The projects, "having been completed", are now under review".

What are some alternatives to "which have" for formal writing?

In formal contexts, consider alternatives like "that possess" or "that contain" to replace "which have", depending on the nuance you want to convey.