Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
which has been removed
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "which has been removed" is correct and usable in written English. You can use it when referring to something that has been taken away or deleted from a larger context. Example: "The section of the report which has been removed was deemed unnecessary." Alternative expressions include "that has been deleted" and "which has been eliminated."
✓ Grammatically correct
News & Media
Science
Encyclopedias
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
25 human-written examples
The video, which has been removed from YouTube, shows the thin victim cowering as he is slashed with a belt.
News & Media
People who donate bone marrow incur no risk, because they generate new marrow to replace that which has been removed.
Encyclopedias
Had the editors known that the photographs had been digitally manipulated, they would not have published the picture essay, which has been removed from NYTimes.com.
News & Media
The graffiti, which has been removed from both sites, is thought to have been sprayed some time between Friday evening and yesterday morning.
News & Media
They proposed that the company restore to current and future operating systems support for Sun Microsystems Javaa program, which has been removed from the latest version of the Windows operating system.
News & Media
The round column of the pedestal itself has been repeatedly covered with graffiti, much of which has been removed, so only faint traces remain: "Ukraine without [illegible]," "AC/DC," "Bon-Scott".
News & Media
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
32 human-written examples
The British military, which has been removing mines from the nearby shipping lanes, is planning to scale back its personnel at this port, the chief gateway for aid agencies bringing supplies into the country.
News & Media
"We plan to restore the center door, which had been removed and replaced with a window.
News & Media
Most articles are included, apart from a few which have been removed for copyright reasons (eg a book serialisation).
News & Media
"Then they listed the other organs which had been removed, including his brain and organs from his chest and abdomen.
News & Media
Fans have been tracking the Knowles sisters' Instagram accounts as barometers for their current relationship, obsessively following which photos are posted and which have been removed.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "which has been removed", ensure the antecedent (the noun "which" refers to) is clear to avoid ambiguity. For example, "The file, which has been removed, contained sensitive data."
Common error
Avoid using "that" instead of "which" when the clause is nonrestrictive (adds extra information but isn't essential to the sentence's meaning). Use "which" and set off the clause with commas: "The document, which has been removed, is no longer accessible."
Source & Trust
86%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "which has been removed" functions as a nonrestrictive relative clause, providing additional (but not essential) information about a noun. It modifies the noun by specifying that it is no longer present, as demonstrated by Ludwig's examples.
Frequent in
News & Media
34%
Science
46%
Encyclopedias
6%
Less common in
Formal & Business
0%
Wiki
4%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "which has been removed" is a grammatically sound and commonly used nonrestrictive relative clause. It serves to inform that something is no longer present, often providing context. As verified by Ludwig, its usage spans across diverse fields, including News & Media and Science, with a neutral register. When writing, ensure clarity by making the antecedent clear and avoid substituting "which" with "that" inappropriately. By understanding its function and avoiding common errors, you can effectively incorporate "which has been removed" into your writing.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
that was eliminated
Uses a simpler verb form and omits the relative pronoun "which".
that has been deleted
Specifically refers to removal in a digital or textual context.
that has been taken out
Replaces "removed" with a phrasal verb, making it slightly more informal.
that has been excluded
Implies a deliberate act of keeping something out.
that is no longer present
Focuses on the absence of the item, rather than the act of removal.
that was withdrawn
Suggests a more formal or official removal.
that was extracted
Implies a more forceful or deliberate removal.
that was detached
Suggests the removal of something that was connected.
that is absent
States simply that something is not there; less emphasis on the act of removal.
that has been cleared
Implies removal to make space or resolve an issue.
FAQs
How can I use "which has been removed" in a sentence?
Use "which has been removed" to add descriptive, nonessential information about a noun that has been taken away or eliminated. For instance, "The evidence, which has been removed, was crucial to the case."
What are some alternatives to "which has been removed"?
You can use alternatives like "that was eliminated", "that has been taken out", or "that is no longer present" depending on the context.
Is it correct to say "that has been removed" instead of "which has been removed"?
While both can be grammatically correct, "which has been removed" typically introduces a nonrestrictive clause, set off by commas. "That has been removed" is used in restrictive clauses that are essential to the meaning of the sentence.
What's the difference between "which has been removed" and "that has been replaced"?
"Which has been removed" indicates something is no longer present, whereas "that has been replaced" signifies that something has been substituted with something else.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
86%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested