This could explain the gap between the modest effects suggested by studies which find benefits and some of the glowing anecdotal reports.
The authors cited a pilot study in three boroughs – Durham, Newham, and Wolverhampton – under the last government, which found academic benefits that outstripped those from the introduction of the literacy hour, in 1998.
22 33 51 With regard to work motivation, results showed the career development and financial subscales of work motivation ranked first and second, respectively, consistent with Hung and Hou's study, which found income, benefits and professional development were the most important motivating factors among community health workers in China.
Three community interventions trials have investigated the effect of enhanced STI treatment on the population-level incidence of HIV-1 infection [27] [29], only one of which found a benefit associated with improved STI case management [27].
This was a small RCT using BIS, which found no benefit [ 7].
Of particular note is that the overall pooled estimate is contradicted by the four largest component trials [ 65, 70, 71, 73], all of which found no benefit of hypertonic saline.
A previous trial comparing private chiropractic treatment with National Health Service (NHS) outpatient treatment, which found a benefit from chiropractic treatment, has been criticised because it did not take treatment location into account.
Whilst most men in our study would not have received watchful waiting/active surveillance (as they all had surgery within 6 months), our data, nevertheless, reflect the findings of recent clinical trials which found little benefit of radical prostatectomy compared to watchful waiting among prostate cancer patients, at least in the medium term [ 27, 28].
iii) Publication, generalisability and other biases Publication, generalisability and other biases This difference in practice may also, in large part, explain the differences in observed treatment effects in the large UK, Dutch and USA studies which found no benefit as compared with the apparently large effect observed in other studies [ 70, 71, 73].
The decision is a direct result of the halting of a similar trial in the United States 3 months ago, which found that the benefits of the same hormone combination did not outweigh the increased risks.
