which established that

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "which established that" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to introduce a clause that provides information about a finding or conclusion drawn from a study, research, or argument. Example: "The research paper presented compelling evidence, which established that regular exercise significantly improves mental health."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Science

Encyclopedias

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

This began to change with the 1925 enactment of the Federal Arbitration Act, which established that agreements to arbitrate were enforceable like any other contract.

The New York Times

That judgment went further than a High Court ruling of 1992, known as the Mabo case, which established that aborigines had the right to claim native title to traditional lands, something never recognised before.

The Economist

In 2003, she wrote the liberal majority opinion that upheld the University of Michigan Law School's racial-preference programme, which established that diversity in education is a compelling state interest.

The Economist

A handful of discrimination suit victories have gone in favor of transgender workers in the 18 months following the landmark case Macy v. Holder, which established that gender identity is in fact protected under Title VII.

Huffington Post

In a swift reaction to the U.S. Supreme Court's Greece v. Galloway ruling on Monday, which established that opening prayers at local council meetings do not violate the First Amendment, the American Humanist Association announced a new secular invocations program on Monday with The Humanist Society, an adjunct AHA organization.

Huffington Post

These findings confirmed the data of Sahai and Marshall [21] and Ivanov et al. [12], which established that myosin II motor activity is not essential for AJ assembly in epithelial MDCK and T84 cells.

Plosone

Our findings align with evidence from research in Kenya, which established that combined facility and community efforts are feasible and do indeed contribute to the scaling up of HIV testing [ 27].

BMC Health Services Research

Significant advancement was subsequently achieved when, in the late 1970s, Hulmes proposed his quasi-hexagonal packing model, which established that adjacent triple-helical molecules are arranged in a quasi-hexagonal fashion with respect to each other within the fibril [68].

Acta Biomaterialia

The potential usefulness of this resource for disease-gene identification is underscored by a previous pilot study, which established that genes sharing similar 3D expression profiles in the ABA are likely to share similar biological function (Liu et al., 2007).

Bioinformatics

Describes experiments which established that radiation at the radar's frequency was harmful.

The New Yorker

This was despite a previous court ruling in December which established that such inspections had indeed existed.

Independent

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "which established that", ensure that the clause it introduces directly and logically follows from the preceding statement, providing clear evidence or confirmation.

Common error

Avoid using "which established that" in a restrictive clause where "that" alone would be more appropriate and concise. Remember "which" usually introduces non-essential information, while "that" introduces essential information.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which established that" functions as a relative clause, introducing information about a previous statement, typically a finding or conclusion. Ludwig AI shows it is often used to connect a study or event with its proven outcome.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

40%

Science

35%

Encyclopedias

8%

Less common in

Wiki

7%

Formal & Business

5%

Social Media

5%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "which established that" is a versatile tool for providing evidence and confirmation in writing. As Ludwig AI confirms, it's grammatically sound and widely used across numerous contexts, particularly in news, scientific, and academic writing. When employing this phrase, make sure the clause it introduces directly supports the preceding statement, and consider alternative phrases like "that demonstrated that" or "that proved that" to enhance clarity and impact. Avoid using "which established that" in restrictive clauses where "that" alone would be more fitting.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

that demonstrated that

Replaces "established" with "demonstrated", emphasizing the act of showing or proving something.

that proved that

Substitutes "established" with "proved", highlighting a conclusive demonstration of truth.

that confirmed that

Uses "confirmed" instead of "established", stressing the verification of something previously suspected.

that determined that

Replaces "established" with "determined", focusing on the act of finding something out definitively after inquiry or calculation.

that indicated that

Uses "indicated" instead of "established", suggesting a less forceful demonstration or pointing towards a conclusion.

that revealed that

Replaces "established" with "revealed", emphasizing the uncovering of previously unknown information.

that showed that

Substitutes "established" with "showed", offering a simple and direct way to express the demonstration of something.

that substantiated that

Uses "substantiated" instead of "established", stressing that there's some evidence to support your argument.

that validated that

Uses "validated" instead of "established", indicating the result of a verification.

that ascertained that

Replaces "established" with "ascertained", focusing on the discovery of the objective truth of a claim.

FAQs

How can I use "which established that" in a sentence?

Use "which established that" to introduce a non-restrictive clause that provides evidence or confirmation of a previous statement. For example, "The study analyzed the data, which established that there was a significant correlation between the two variables."

What are some alternatives to "which established that"?

You can use alternatives like "that demonstrated that", "that proved that", or "that confirmed that" depending on the specific nuance you want to convey.

Is it better to use "which established that" or "that established that"?

"Which established that" is typically used in non-restrictive clauses, providing additional information that isn't essential to the sentence's core meaning. If the information is essential, use "that established that". For example, "The study that established that link was groundbreaking."

What is the difference between "which established that" and "which showed that"?

While both phrases are similar, "which established that" implies a stronger sense of confirmation or proof, whereas "which showed that" simply indicates that something was revealed or indicated.